马哈迪 (Mahathir Mohamad)

概览

敦马哈迪·莫哈末1925年7月10日生，是马来西亚任期最长的首相，两度非连续执政合计24年（1981年至2003年及2018年至2020年），因推动马来西亚经济腾飞与基础建设现代化而获授「现代化之父」称号[1]。他与浮罗交怡渊源深厚——1955年曾以驻岛首位医生身份服务当地，其后推动该岛成为免税区并完善旅游基础设施，令浮罗交怡脱胎换骨[1]。现年100岁的马哈迪已无任何国会议席，2022年11月第15届全国大选中，他在浮罗交怡落选并遭没收保证金[2][3]。

简介

敦马哈迪·莫哈末（Tun Dr Mahathir bin Mohamad）1925年7月10日生于吉打州亚罗士打，是马来西亚政治人物、医生及著作人。他曾两度出任首相，分别为第四任（1981年至2003年）及第七任（2018年至2020年），合计在位24年，是马来西亚任期最长的首相[1]。他于1953年毕业于马来亚大学，随后投身政府医疗服务，并于1955年短暂派驻浮罗交怡，成为该岛首位驻岛医生[1]。马哈迪通过巫统踏入政坛，1964年首次当选国会议员，代表哥打士达南区；1969年失去议席后遭巫统开除党籍，其后于1974年以古邦巴素选区议席重返国会[1]。1981年7月16日，他宣誓就任首相[1]。首任首相任期内，马哈迪因推动马来西亚经济腾飞与基础建设现代化，获授「现代化之父」称号[1]。2020年2月希盟政府瓦解、马哈迪辞职后，他于同年8月创立祖国斗士党（Pejuang）[3]。2022年11月第15届全国大选中，马哈迪以祖国斗士党成员、祖国运动旗帜上阵浮罗交怡选区，惨遭落选并没收竞选保证金[2]。大选过后，马哈迪辞去祖国斗士党主席职务，该党随后于2023年1月退出祖国运动[1]。截至本档案撰写时，马哈迪未持有任何国会议席，政治身份列为独立人士。现年100岁的他是全球现存第二年长的前国家领导人，也是马来西亚首位达到这一年龄的前首相[1]。

代表性议题

马哈迪以两度非连续出任首相而著称。首任任期自1981年至2003年，长达22年，至今仍是马来西亚历史上连续执政时间最长的纪录；第二任期为2018年至2020年，他以93岁高龄就职，成为全球史上年纪最大的民选政府首脑[1]。他与浮罗交怡的蜕变密不可分——1987年他宣布将该岛列为免税区，并主导建立相关基础设施，使浮罗交怡从一个落后小岛转型为重要旅游胜地[1]。其晚期政治生涯的标志，则是他先后与巫统及土团党决裂、创立祖国斗士党，以及2022年第15届全国大选中在浮罗交怡惨败、保证金遭没收[2][3]。

政治立场

马哈迪长期倡导马来人经济参与权及以土著为中心的发展政策，其首任首相任期与新经济政策（NEP）的延续和调整密切相关[1]。他反对恢复地方议会选举，并在第二次出任首相期间明确表态，认为此举可能引发种族冲突、加剧城乡鸿沟[4]。2020年创立祖国斗士党时，他将该党定位为反贪腐、反盗窃政治的力量，声称旨在捍卫马来人权益，对抗其所描述的纳吉领导下巫统的腐败问题[3]。纵观其政治生涯，马哈迪始终力推基础建设与科技发展，包括多媒体超级走廊的设立，以及将推广5G技术视为国家迈向发达国地位的驱动力[1][2]。他在种族课题、马来人政治主导权及制度改革方面的立场数十年来屡有演变，并不时引发公众及反对党的批评[4]。

教育背景

1. 1930Began primary education at Seberang Perak Malay Boys School, Alor Setar, Kedah.⛓
2. 1933Enrolled in Government English School (an English-medium secondary school) in Alor Setar after excelling in English.⛓
3. 1953Graduated from the University of Malaya with a medical degree.⛓

从政前经历

1. 1953–1954Began housemanship at Penang General Hospital, then transferred to Alor Setar General Hospital in 1954.⛓
2. 1955Posted to government clinic in Langkawi as the island's first stationed doctor, witnessing its underdeveloped state — a memory that later shaped his efforts to develop it as prime minister.⛓
3. Late 1950sResigned from government service to open his own private clinic, Maha Klinik, in Alor Setar — the first privately owned clinic established by a Malay in Malaysia.⛓

政治生涯

1. 1964First elected to Parliament representing Kota Setar Selatan constituency under UMNO.⛓
2. 1969Lost parliamentary seat in the 1969 general election; subsequently criticised Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman and was expelled from UMNO.⛓
3. 1972Readmitted to UMNO under Prime Minister Abdul Razak Hussein following Tunku's resignation.⛓
4. 1973Appointed a Senator; subsequently relinquished the position to contest the 1974 general election.⛓
5. 1974Returned to Parliament winning the Kubang Pasu seat unopposed; appointed Minister of Education in September 1974.⛓
6. 16 July 1981Sworn in as Malaysia's fourth Prime Minister, the first commoner to hold the office.⛓
7. 1987Declared Langkawi a duty-free zone and established the Langkawi Development Board, initiating its transformation into a major tourist destination.⛓
8. 31 October 2003Retired as Prime Minister after 22 years — the longest continuous tenure in Malaysia's history.⛓
9. August 2016Co-founded Parti Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia (BERSATU) with Muhyiddin Yassin and others, in opposition to then-PM Najib Razak.⛓
10. 10 May 2018Sworn in as Malaysia's seventh Prime Minister at age 93, following Pakatan Harapan's historic GE14 victory — making him the world's oldest elected head of government at the time.⛓
11. February 2020Resigned as Prime Minister amid political crisis; subsequently expelled from BERSATU after opting to sit with the opposition in Parliament.⛓
12. August 2020Named his new party Pejuang (Parti Pejuang Tanah Air), framing it as an anti-corruption, pro-Malay movement.⛓
13. 19 November 2022Lost Langkawi parliamentary seat at GE15 and forfeited his election deposit, coming in fourth place. Subsequently resigned as Pejuang chairman.⛓
14. January 2023Pejuang left the Gerakan Tanah Air coalition; Mahathir and deputy president Marzuki Yahya subsequently departed the party.⛓

选举历史

• 2022Langkawi落败⛓
• 2018Langkawi胜出⛓
• 1974Kubang Pasu胜出⛓
• 1969Kota Setar Selatan落败⛓
• 1964Kota Setar Selatan胜出⛓

对关键议题的立场

• VerifiedFactsMahathir served as Prime Minister for a cumulative 24 years across two terms (1981–2003 and 2018–2020), making him Malaysia's longest-serving PM. He lost the Langkawi seat and forfeited his deposit at GE15 in November 2022, receiving 4,566 votes and placing fourth.⛓
• OppositionMalaysiakini letter writers noted that Mahathir lost his deposit in a seat considered an easy win, and that the Anwar-led Pakatan Harapan coalition won 82 seats while Mahathir's Gerakan Tanah Air coalition won zero, reflecting a significant loss of public confidence in his leadership.⛓
• GovernmentDuring his second premiership, Mahathir stated that local council elections were off the table, citing concerns that they could produce racial conflict and widen the urban-rural divide.⛓
• PublicMalay Mail reported that after GE15, Mahathir said he felt saddened that his past efforts to develop Langkawi were not appreciated by voters, and he attributed part of his loss to money politics he claimed he could not prove.⛓