拿督倪国翰 (Ngeh Koo Ham)

概览

拿督倪国翰是来自霹雳州安顺的行动党政治人物及执业律师，自2008年起代表百乐国会选区。他曾担任2008年民联霹雳州政府高级行政议员，及2018年至2020年间的霹雳州议会议长，是党内资深领袖。自2025年3月起，他出任行动党全国财政，并担任党内国会议员团法律与国会事务发言人。2023年底，他就伊斯兰刑事法审议委员会成员组成提出建议，引发广泛争议；他其后撤回建议并道歉，其住所亦于2024年1月遭汽油弹袭击。

简介

拿督倪国翰（Datuk Ngeh Koo Ham，1961年9月29日生），又名詹姆斯·倪（James Ngeh），是马来西亚政治人物、执业律师。自2008年3月起，他持续担任霹雳州百乐（Beruas）国会议员[1]。他生于霹雳州安顺（Ayer Tawar），先后就读于卫理公会英文学校、育才国民型中学及实兆远英华学校，后于马来亚大学取得法律学士学位[1]。执业初期，他任职于实兆远的Nga Hock Cheh律师行，其后自立门户，创办总部设于安顺、并在怡保及吉隆坡设有分行的倪律师事务所（Ngeh and Co.）[1]。倪国翰于2000年至2014年间担任民主行动党（民主行动党）霹雳州主席，并连续三届出任实兆远州议员（2004年至2018年），同时于2004年至2008年间担任霹雳州议会反对党领袖[1]。2008年大选后，他获委为民联霹雳州政府高级行政议员，掌管基础设施与公共设施、能源与水务及非穆斯林事务等职，直至该届州政府于2009年2月倒台[1]。希盟在第14届全国大选胜选后，他于2018年7月3日获委为霹雳州议会议长，成为首位华裔议长；2020年5月12日，他因喜来登行动政治危机而辞去议长一职[1]。2008年4月，霹雳苏丹阿兹兰沙御赐他霹雳州拿督勋衔（DPMP），使他成为首位接受马来西亚荣誉封衔的现任行动党政治人物[1]。自2025年3月起，他出任行动党全国财政，现兼任行动党霹雳州顾问及行动党国会议员团法律与国会事务发言人[1]。

代表性议题

倪国翰是行动党在霹雳州任期最长的国会议员之一，自2008年起连续代表百乐选区。他是党内资深法律声音，担任行动党国会议员团法律与国会事务发言人。2023年12月，他建议将非穆斯林宪法专家纳入一个审议伊斯兰刑事法司法管辖权的政府委员会，此举引发全国关注。其后，在多位政界领袖批评及王室提示后，他撤回建议并公开道歉；其住所亦遭纵火袭击[2]。

政治立场

在宪法与法律课题上，倪国翰一贯主张遵循联邦宪法，并担任行动党国会议员团法律与国会事务发言人[3]。2023年12月，他提议将非穆斯林宪法专家及马来西亚律师公会代表纳入研究伊斯兰刑事法与联邦宪法协调工作的特别委员会，理由是非穆斯林对宪法条文的观点同样值得纳入考量[4]。其后，在获悉该特委会是在国家伊斯兰事务理事会（MKI）框架下成立、而非由内阁组建后，他随即撤回建议并道歉[2]。在经济政策方面，他对恢复消费税（GST）持审慎立场，警告此举可能推高通胀；但他同时承认，经济学家普遍认为消费税比销售与服务税（SST）更具效率[4]。在采购法律方面，他于2025年8月为《政府采购法案》辩护，认为该法案有助提升透明度，并对政府采购中的寻租行为设立新罪行[4]。

教育背景

1. 1970sAttended Methodist English School, Ayer Tawar; SMJK Shyr Tien, Ayer Tawar; and the Anglo-Chinese School, Sitiawan.⛓
2. Late 1970s–Early 1980sObtained a Bachelor of Laws from Universiti Malaya, where he was active in the Methodist Youth Fellowship and Persatuan Kristian Varsiti.⛓

从政前经历

1. 1980sPractised law with Nga Hock Cheh and Co. in Sitiawan before founding his own firm, Ngeh and Co., headquartered in Ayer Tawar with branches in Ipoh and Kuala Lumpur.⛓

政治生涯

1. 1990First contested the Beruas parliamentary seat against Gerakan president Lim Keng Yaik in the general election; lost by a narrow margin.⛓
2. 1995Contested the Batu Gajah parliamentary seat in the general election but lost.⛓
3. 1999Contested the Ipoh Timor parliamentary seat and the Pasir Pinji state seat in the general election; lost both.⛓
4. 2000Became DAP Perak chairman, a post he held until 2014 when it passed to his cousin Nga Kor Ming.⛓
5. 2004Won the Sitiawan state assembly seat for the first time in GE11. Served as head of the Opposition in the Perak State Legislative Assembly from 2004 to 2008.⛓
6. March 2008Won the Beruas parliamentary seat and the Sitiawan state assembly seat concurrently in GE12. Appointed Senior State Executive Councillor in the Pakatan Rakyat Perak government with portfolios for Infrastructure and Public Amenities, Energy and Water, and Non-Muslim Affairs.⛓
7. April 2008Conferred the Darjah Dato Paduka Mahkota Perak (DPMP) by Sultan Azlan Shah of Perak, becoming the first actively serving DAP politician to accept a Malaysian chivalrous title.⛓
8. February 2009The Pakatan Rakyat Perak state government collapsed due to the Perak political crisis, ending his role as Senior State EXCO member.⛓
9. 2013Re-elected to the Beruas parliamentary seat and Sitiawan state assembly seat in GE13.⛓
10. 9 May 2018Re-elected to the Beruas parliamentary seat in GE14; did not contest the Sitiawan state seat, which had been abolished in redelineation.⛓
11. 3 July 2018Appointed Speaker of the Perak State Legislative Assembly — the first speaker of Chinese descent in that role — despite not being a sitting state assemblyman.⛓
12. 12 May 2020Resigned as Perak Speaker following the collapse of the Pakatan Harapan federal and state governments in the 2020 political crisis.⛓
13. 19 November 2022Re-elected to the Beruas parliamentary seat (P068) in GE15 under the Pakatan Harapan banner.⛓
14. March 2025Appointed National Treasurer of DAP; also serves as DAP Perak State Advisor.⛓

选举历史

• 2022Beruas胜出⛓
• 2018Beruas胜出⛓
• 2013Beruas胜出⛓
• 2008Beruas胜出⛓
• 1999Ipoh Timor落败⛓
• 1995Batu Gajah落败⛓
• 1990Beruas落败⛓

对关键议题的立场

• GovernmentDAP secretary-general Anthony Loke stated that Ngeh's December 2023 proposal on the shariah law committee was based on an erroneous understanding of how the special committee was constituted, clarifying it was formed under the National Islamic Affairs Council (MKI) chaired by the Selangor Sultan, not by Cabinet.⛓
• OppositionBersatu Youth chief Wan Ahmad Fayshal Wan Ahmad Kamal stated that Ngeh had gone overboard with his proposal to include non-Muslims on the shariah court review committee, calling the statement shallow. Separately, in 2012, Perak MCA called on Ngeh to publicly clarify his directorship in Upaya Padu Plantations Sdn Bhd and the circumstances of its Kelantan land transaction.⛓
• PublicPAS condemned the January 2024 Molotov cocktail attack on Ngeh's home as unacceptable, with secretary-general Takiyuddin Hassan stating that differences in views do not justify actions that violate the law and threaten lives and property.⛓
• VerifiedFactsNgeh Koo Ham has held the Beruas parliamentary seat continuously since March 2008. He served as Perak State Legislative Assembly Speaker from 3 July 2018 to 12 May 2020. He has been DAP National Treasurer since March 2025. He is a practising advocate and solicitor who founded Ngeh and Co. law firm.⛓

商业利益（公开报道）

据《The Edge Malaysia》及《星报》报道，记者于2012年12月取得的马来西亚公司委员会文件显示，倪可汉（Ngeh Koo Ham）为Upayapadu Plantation私人有限公司董事之一。该公司与吉兰丹伊斯兰基金会（Yayasan Islam Kelantan）签订土地管理协议，涉及吉兰丹瓜拉姆沙约4,259公顷土地（来源：theedgemalaysia.com/article/mca-tells-ngeh-come-clean-land-deal；thestar.com.my/news/community/2012/12/21/ngeh-refutes-land-scandal-raised-in-state-assembly）。倪可汉表示，相关交易属私人界投资，发生于2006年，彼时希盟前身民联尚未执政霹雳，涉事投资者均为其法律客户（来源：thestar.com.my/news/community/2012/12/21/ngeh-refutes-land-scandal-raised-in-state-assembly）。吉兰丹州政府澄清，该土地仅属租赁性质，并未发出任何地契（来源：theedgemalaysia.com/article/kelantan-govt-land-was-leased-upayapadu）。据维基百科记载，倪可汉创办了Ngeh and Co.律师事务所，总部设于爱大华，并在怡保及吉隆坡设有分行（来源：en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngeh_Koo_Ham）。