莫哈末拉菲兹·拉姆利 (Mohd Rafizi Ramli)

概览

莫哈末拉菲兹·拉姆利是一名特许会计师出身的政治人物，曾任班登区国会议员（2013至2018年、2022至2026年）、公正党署理主席（2022至2025年）及经济部长（2022至2025年）。他以揭露国家养牛公司及一马公司丑闻著称，在任部长期间主导推出全国中央数据库（Padu）并参与制定第13大马计划。2026年5月，在公正党内部选举落败后，他放弃班登议席，联合领导新政党——马来西亚共同党，并表明将于下届全国大选重返班登角逐。

简介

莫哈末拉菲兹·拉姆利（Mohd Rafizi bin Ramli），1977年9月14日生于登嘉楼瓜拉勿述，马来西亚政治人物。他曾于2013年至2018年担任雪兰莪班登区国会议员，并于2022年再度当选，直至2026年5月卸任该席位[1]。拉菲兹在登嘉楼哥马曼成长，中学就读于吉隆坡马来学院（MCKK），后赴英国利兹大学深造，取得英格兰及威尔斯特许会计师公会（ICAEW）认证，成为特许会计师[2]。毕业后，他于2003年至2009年在国家石油公司（Petronas）任职，历任石化及上游业务部门要职；此后转任法玛尼亚加公司总经理，并于2012年前出任雪兰莪州经济顾问室首席执行员[3]。拉菲兹通过公正党策略机制步入政坛，先后担任党内策略主任（2010至2014年）、秘书长（2014至2016年）、副主席（2014至2022年）及署理主席（2022至2025年）[1]。他于第13届全国大选（2013年）首次拿下班登议席，多数票达26,729张；惟因一宗定罪上诉悬而未决，被禁止参加第14届全国大选（2018年）。2022年第15届全国大选，他以约48,000票的多数票重夺班登议席，并于同年12月获委任为安华内阁经济部长[4]。2025年公正党内部领导层选举失利后，他于2025年6月17日正式辞去经济部长职务[3]。2026年5月，拉菲兹放弃班登国会议席并退出公正党，转而联合领导马来西亚共同党（Parti Bersama Malaysia），并表明将以该党旗帜在下届全国大选角逐班登议席[5]。

代表性议题

拉菲兹以公正党策略师及揭弊者身份著称。担任反对党国会议员期间，他先后揭露国家养牛公司（NFC）丑闻及一马公司机密审计报告内容，相关行动导致他面对刑事定罪，惟上诉后获推翻或减轻[6]。出任经济部长期间（2022至2025年），他主导推行全国中央数据库（Padu），作为定向燃油补贴合理化改革的核心基础，并参与联合撰拟第13大马计划[7]。2026年5月，他放弃班登议席并退出公正党，联合领导新政党——马来西亚共同党，定位为多元种族、政策导向的替代政治力量，矢志迎战下届全国大选[5]。

政治立场

在财政政策上，拉菲兹长期倡导补贴合理化改革，主张将全民普惠式补贴转化为定向现金援助，以释出数十亿令吉资源，集中扶助低收入群体[8]。担任经济部长期间，他主导推出全国中央数据库（Padu），作为定向汽油及福利补贴的基础设施，并警示约40%的低收入家庭可能因车辆登记资料不符，而被排除于RON95补贴受惠范围之外[9]。在治理与反腐立场上，他是最早公开揭露一马公司丑闻的政治人物之一，以公众利益凌驾官方保密为由，披露机密审计报告内容；此举导致他面对官方机密法令（OSA）指控，惟上诉法庭其后将刑罚减轻[10]。在公正党内部，拉菲兹领导HIRUK派系，主张推行较进取的改革路线，反对与巫统深化合作，在2025年党内选举中与由努鲁伊莎·安华领导的党内主流势力形成对立[1]。署理主席选举落败后，他联合创立马来西亚共同党，强调该党以政治改革、世代更新及还政于民为核心理念[5]。

教育背景

1. Early 1990sAttended Malay College Kuala Kangsar (MCKK) for secondary education, representing the school in debate championships and graduating as a top student.⛓
2. Late 1990s–Early 2000sReceived tertiary education at the University of Leeds, UK, and subsequently qualified as a chartered accountant under the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW).⛓

从政前经历

1. 2003–2009Worked at Petronas, holding senior roles including manager in the Propane Dehydrogenation Plant division and senior manager for accounting, budgeting and international taxation at Petronas Carigali, managing financial affairs of 51 subsidiaries.⛓
2. 2009Became General Manager at healthcare company Pharmaniaga Berhad.⛓
3. 2009–2012Appointed Chief Executive of the Selangor Economic Advisory Office, a position he held until July 2012.⛓
4. 2012Co-founded the National Oversight and Whistleblowers Centre (NOW), a non-profit whistleblower organisation.⛓

政治生涯

1. 2010–2014Served as Strategic Director of PKR.⛓
2. May 2013Won the Pandan parliamentary seat in GE13 with a majority of 26,729 votes, defeating the MCA candidate.⛓
3. 2014Engineered the Kajang Move, a PKR strategy that ultimately forced the resignation of Selangor Menteri Besar Khalid Ibrahim, though the intended outcome of installing Anwar Ibrahim as MB was not achieved.⛓
4. October 2014Appointed Secretary-General of PKR following the conclusion of the Kajang Move, and elected as one of the party's four vice presidents.⛓
5. November 2016Convicted under the Official Secrets Act (OSA) for disclosing contents of the classified 1MDB Auditor-General's report; sentenced to 18 months in jail. The conviction later resulted in his resignation as PKR Secretary-General.⛓
6. February 2018Sentenced to 30 months in jail by the Shah Alam Sessions Court for exposing confidential NFC banking details under BAFIA, making him ineligible to contest GE14.⛓
7. June 2018Court of Appeal overturned the OSA jail sentence, releasing Rafizi on a two-year good behaviour bond of RM10,000, restoring his eligibility to contest elections.⛓
8. 2016Founded Invoke Malaysia, an election volunteerism and data analytics organisation, initially funded by his personal seed investment.⛓
9. November 2019High Court overturned the 30-month BAFIA conviction on appeal, fully discharging and acquitting Rafizi in the NFC banking details case.⛓
10. May 2022Elected Deputy President of PKR, defeating Saifuddin Nasution Ismail with 68,451 votes to 48,223.⛓
11. November 2022Won the Pandan parliamentary seat in GE15 with a majority of approximately 48,000 votes.⛓
12. December 2022Appointed Minister of Economy in the Anwar Ibrahim Cabinet.⛓
13. January 2024Launched the Central Database Hub (Padu), a national database intended to underpin targeted subsidy implementation.⛓
14. May 2025Lost the PKR Deputy Presidency to Nurul Izzah Anwar in the 2025 PKR leadership election (3,866 votes to 9,803).⛓
15. June 2025Resigned as Minister of Economy, effective 17 June 2025, citing the completion of the 13th Malaysia Plan and the need for leadership to reflect the people's mandate.⛓
16. May 2026Vacated the Pandan parliamentary seat and left PKR to co-lead Parti Bersama Malaysia (Bersama) with Nik Nazmi Nik Ahmad, confirmed by Dewan Rakyat Speaker on 20 May 2026.⛓

选举历史

• 2022Pandan胜出⛓
• 2018Pandan退选⛓
• 2013Pandan胜出⛓

对关键议题的立场

• GovernmentBernama reported that Rafizi's final act as Economy Minister was the completion of the 13th Malaysia Plan, and he stated he hoped the Cabinet would uphold bold education reforms outlined in the plan even after his departure.⛓
• OppositionBersatu MP Wan Ahmad Fayhsal, as reported by Malaysiakini, proposed that the Padu database be moved away from the Economy Ministry on the grounds that Rafizi's affiliation with data company Invoke Solutions Sdn Bhd made his ministry's oversight of Padu questionable.⛓
• ExpertAn opinion piece in FMT (May 2026) argued that Rafizi's track record as Economy Minister was defined by ambitious but incompletely executed initiatives such as Padu and the People's Income Initiative, and questioned whether his technocratic approach was sufficiently grounded in Malaysia's economic realities.⛓
• ExpertAn FMT opinion piece (January 2024) described the Padu database as potentially the most significant economic policy change in two decades, characterising Rafizi's championing of it as real leadership in shifting subsidy delivery from companies to direct, targeted beneficiaries.⛓
• PublicIn April 2026, FMT reported that a group staged a protest outside Invoke Solutions Sdn Bhd's office, submitting a memorandum calling for Rafizi to step away from politics and alleging he had failed to fulfil GE15 manifesto commitments during his time as Economy Minister.⛓
• VerifiedFactsRafizi served as MP for Pandan (2013–2018 and 2022–2026), PKR Deputy President (2022–2025), and Minister of Economy (December 2022 – June 2025). He vacated the Pandan seat on 18 May 2026 to co-lead Parti Bersama Malaysia. Both his BAFIA and OSA criminal convictions were overturned or mitigated on final appeal, with no custodial sentence served.⛓

商业利益（公开报道）

《当今大马》报道，拉菲兹与其创办的数据公司Invoke Solutions私人有限公司存在关联。一名反对党议员在国会提出质疑，指其主管部门负责监管全国数据库（Padu）项目，与上述商业关联之间存在潜在利益冲突（来源：malaysiakini.com）。

重要法律记录

案件一 — 《银行与金融机构法》（BAFIA）案（国家牛场公司丑闻）：2018年2月7日，沙阿南地方法院裁定拉菲兹因在揭露国家牛场公司（NFC）机密银行资料时触犯《银行与金融机构法》，判处监禁30个月。2019年11月16日，高庭在上诉审理中推翻原判，裁定关键书证不获采纳，拉菲兹获撤控释放（来源：en.wikipedia.org；thestar.com.my）。案件二 — 《官方机密法》（OSA）案（一马公司审计报告）：2016年11月14日，吉隆坡地方法院裁定拉菲兹触犯《官方机密法》，罪由在新闻发布会上披露列为机密的一马公司审计长报告内容，判处监禁18个月。2018年6月1日，上诉庭推翻监禁刑罚，改以两年行为保证金1万令吉释放拉菲兹；其中一项控状由检控方撤回上诉，另一项则由拉菲兹本人撤回上诉（来源：malaymail.com；freemalaysiatoday.com）。上述两案均已终审定案。